maint_30 · Chuong 6

Dashboard theo dõi chất lượng nước và cảnh báo sớm — thiết kế hệ thống monitoring?

Tóm tắt nhanh: Monitoring system tốt = biết vấn đề trước khi khách biết. Các chỉ số cần theo dõi tự động: TDS permeate (trend dần dần = màng suy giảm), flow rate (giảm = fouling), UV intensity (giảm dần = lamp aging), và áp suất (spike = water hammer). Alert qua SMS/app khi vượt threshold.

Nội dung chi tiết cho đào tạo

**Key Monitoring Parameters & Alert Thresholds:**

| Parameter | Normal Range | Warning Alert | Critical Alert |

|---|---|---|---|

| Permeate TDS | < 30ppm (sau RO) | > 50ppm (+67%) | > 100ppm (membrane fail) |

| Feed TDS | Baseline ±20% | > Baseline +50% | > Baseline +100% |

| Permeate flow rate | Baseline ±10% | < Baseline -20% | < Baseline -40% |

| System pressure | 2.5-4 bar | < 1.5 or > 5 bar | < 1 bar (pump failure) |

| UV intensity | > 40 mJ/cm² | < 40 mJ/cm² (replace soon) | < 16 mJ/cm² (Class B only) |

| Cumulative UV hours | 0-9,000h | 7,500h (replace in 1,500h) | 9,000h (replace NOW) |

| PP differential pressure | < 0.5 bar | 0.5-1 bar (check soon) | > 1 bar (replace NOW) |

**INCAS IoT Monitoring Architecture (2025):**

**Level 1 — Basic (Residential):**

TDS meter in-line (analog, visual), manual log, annual test.

**Level 2 — Smart (Commercial):**

Digital TDS sensor + WiFi gateway → INCAS dashboard → push notification when alert.

**Level 3 — Full SCADA (Industrial):**

4-20mA sensors (TDS, pH, flow, pressure) → PLC/SCADA → historian → maintenance automation + predictive alerts.

**Predictive maintenance benefits:**

  • Replace filter 2 weeks before failure (scheduled, not emergency)
  • Detect membrane degradation trend over 6 months (gradual TDS increase: 15ppm, 20ppm, 28ppm → membrane needs replacement month 36, not month 40)
  • MTTR (Mean Time to Repair) reduction: from 4 hours (reactive) to 0 (proactive replacement)

**Customer-facing dashboard features:**

  • Real-time TDS display (live)
  • Water quality score (green/yellow/red)
  • Next service date countdown
  • Filter age indicator
  • Annual consumption report (liters, CO₂ avoided)

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